The present invention relates to methods of the treatment and diagnosis of bone mineral density related disorders. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of diagnosing or predicting a bone mineral density related disease, or a risk of a bone mineral density related disease, in a subject, which method comprises detecting a mutation in the TBXAS1 gene, wherein the presence of said mutation is indicative of a bone mineral density related disease or of a risk of a bone mineral density related disease. The invention also relates to a compound selected in the group consisting of a thromboxane synthase (TXAS) encoding polynucleotide, a TXAS, thromboxane A2 or an analog thereof for treating or preventing a disease associated with an increased bone mineral density (e.g., Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia syndrome). The invention also relates to a compound selected from the group consisting of an inhibitor of TBXAS1 gene expression or a thromboxane inhibitor for treating or preventing a disease associated with a decreased bone mineral density (e.g., osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta)