Endometriosis is a chronic oestrogen-dependent inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. There is currently no cure for endometriosis. Here, the Inventors studied the impact of POM-1, an inhibitor of CD39 enzyme activity, on the endometrial microenvironment at the molecular and cellular level. Using a mouse model of endometriosis, the Inventors demonstrated in vivo that targeting CD39 modulated the endometrial microenvironment and that these modifications altered the polarisation of immune cells present in the peritoneal cavity towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. These initial results thus demonstrate the relevance of CD39 as a therapeutic target in endometriosis.